The Drake Equation

The Drake Equation's premise is to calculate the possibility of extraterrestrials in our galaxy (the Milky Way). Founded by our dear Dr. Donald Drake he uses the following formula to derive the probabilities. It cannot be exact, however, to us as humans it may be the best or one of the best plausible derivatives   we can come up with (when speaking of potential civilized extraterrestrials),

                                             (source link represented by clicking picture)

N = Civilizations within our galaxy that we may be able to communicate with

 

R* = Star formations rate

 

f_p = The fraction of R*'s stars that have planets.

 

n_e = Average number of planets that could support life according to each star that has planets.

 

f_l = Fraction of the above that has the possibility to support life.

 

f_i = Fraction of the above that can create intelligent life 

 

f_c = Fraction of the above that are technically advanced enough for us to find evidence of them in space. (radio waves etc......) 

 

L = Length of time to detect the above technology from the planet.

400 billion x  1/4 x 2 x 1/2 x 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/ 100 million = about 10 civilizations we can communicate with.

(The math above represents that civilizations with technology are only lasting a few decades. Below is another representation if civilized worlds where to be able to prosper millions of years.) 400 billion x 1/4 x 2 x 1/2 x 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/ 100 = about a million civilizations we can communicate with.

Carl Sagan's Flat Land- The 4th Dimension

As a huge fan of watching Carl Sagan I suggest to everyone to take a look at the video below to better comprehend the fourth dimension. (Whilst traveling from "flat land") Sagan also describes shapes as seen through the fourth dimension (or shadows of what they would be like) as the hypercube and its tesseract.



I might add that the specific problem with us not being able to see the fourth dimension from not being able to comprehend it, is not the only variable or hindrance. Variables can range from physical perception (eyes, brain) to assimilated perception (we perceive the dimension differently through our lifetime.) to relative perception (where we are when we perceive.) I can go on much further, however, I have no formal degree in the subject.

 (Please read the last paragraph with the understanding that is the authors views and not that of any "scientist" with a degree. It should be taken accordingly)

Who was the First President of the United States?

Yes, of course, George Washington was the first president under our current constitution. As factual as that may be, he indeed, was not  the only first president of the United States. Rather, and little known, Samuel Huntington, was the first president under the AOC (Articles of Confederation).  Also noteworthy to mention, he was the first president under the AOC, but he was not the first president under congress, that was John Hanson.

                                                               (Samuel Huntington; I personally have a deep respect for our dear Mr. Huntington, for against his own family, instead of maintaining the farm he taught himself law. After his self taught knowledge he passed the bar becoming governor, and one of our first presidents.)

I find it repulsive that throughout the U.S our kids even until the ages of high school are never taught who was in charge prior to the current constitution. In my opinion I only accept the U.S existence until after the AOC, thus it would give Huntington the "first".


So who is it?
George Washington
Samuel Huntington
John Hanson